Blog

News

software

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 6:25 AM

comments (0)

Description:

iRinger

is a useful application for PCs that allows users to create free ringtones and Text Tones for your iPhone.

Key features:

- User-friendly interface: a graphical audio sequence, several edition operations and some effects makes its interface very simple to handle. It not only supports audio, but also video. Consistent, highlighting the changes and using relevant icons with labels, its interface can be used by anyone.

- Conversion: one of its most well-known features is that it works with ALL versions of iPhone so that users can convert virtually any media format into an iPhone ringtone (M4R). There are many converting tools that scatter on the Internet but really small number of them can convert into M4R. It also converts any media format into an iPhone ringtone (M4R), iPhone text tone (CAF), MP3 format (for Android, etc.)

- Out of a video file soundtrack: a feature that attracts most of the users since iRinger can create a ringtone out of a video file soundtrack. iRinger graphically represents the audio you want to convert into a ringtone. One the media imported, instead of selecting the audio, you just have to drag the timeline inside the app's interface for adjustment. After that, you can choose yourself the length of the ringtone. The length of the ringtone is about 30 seconds and you can change it by changing the volume and tone output.

- Other features: you can delay, reverse, stem, or flang, overdrive your ringtone. You can even combine it with another ringtone and create an awesome one for your iPhone.

System requirement:

- Operative System: XP / 2000 / Vista

- Pentium® III 700 Mhz / RAM: 128 MB

Pros:

- Easy-to-use, nice-looking interface

- Can also extract sound from video files

Cons:

- (not specified)

Annonces Google

Start Download

Download Free Converter Software Download Here!

www.Donwload.pconverter.com

volume

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 6:25 AM

comments (0)

Question 2.1:

Fill in the blanks

(a) The volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to.....m3

(b) The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 2.0 cm and height 10.0 cm is equal to ... (mm)2

(d) The relative density of lead is 11.3. Its density is ....g cm–3or . ...kg m–3.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

(a) 1 cm =

a) 1 cm =

Volume of the cube = 1 cm3

But, 1 cm3 = 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm =

∴1 cm3 = 10–6 m3

Hence, the volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to 10–6 m3.

(b) The total surface area of a cylinder of radius r and height h is

S = 2πr (r + h).

Given that,

r = 2 cm = 2 × 1 cm = 2 × 10 mm = 20 mm

h = 10 cm = 10 × 10 mm = 100 mm

= 15072 = 1.5 × 104 mm2

1 km/h =

Therefore, distance can be obtained using the relation:

Distance = Speed × Time = 5 × 1 = 5 m

Hence, the vehicle covers 5 m in 1 s.

(d) Relative density of a substance is given by the relation,

Relative density =

Density of water = 1 g/cm3

Again, 1g =

1 cm3 = 10–6 m3

1 g/cm3 =

∴ 11.3 g/cm3 = 11.3 × 103 kg/m3

Question 3.1:

In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point object:

(a) a railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations.

(b) a monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

(d) a tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Answer: (a), (b)

(a) The size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two stations. Therefore, the carriage can be treated as a point sized object.

(b) The size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track. Therefore, the monkey can be considered as a point sized object on the track.

Question 3.1:

In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point object:

(a) a railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations.

(b) a monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

(d) a tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Answer: (a), (b)

(a) The size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two stations. Therefore, the carriage can be treated as a point sized object.

(b) The size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track. Therefore, the monkey can be considered as a point sized object on the track.

volume

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 6:25 AM

comments (0)

Question 2.1:

Fill in the blanks

(a) The volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to.....m3

(b) The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 2.0 cm and height 10.0 cm is equal to ... (mm)2

(d) The relative density of lead is 11.3. Its density is ....g cm–3or . ...kg m–3.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

(a) 1 cm =

a) 1 cm =

Volume of the cube = 1 cm3

But, 1 cm3 = 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm =

∴1 cm3 = 10–6 m3

Hence, the volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to 10–6 m3.

(b) The total surface area of a cylinder of radius r and height h is

S = 2πr (r + h).

Given that,

r = 2 cm = 2 × 1 cm = 2 × 10 mm = 20 mm

h = 10 cm = 10 × 10 mm = 100 mm

= 15072 = 1.5 × 104 mm2

1 km/h =

Therefore, distance can be obtained using the relation:

Distance = Speed × Time = 5 × 1 = 5 m

Hence, the vehicle covers 5 m in 1 s.

(d) Relative density of a substance is given by the relation,

Relative density =

Density of water = 1 g/cm3

Again, 1g =

1 cm3 = 10–6 m3

1 g/cm3 =

∴ 11.3 g/cm3 = 11.3 × 103 kg/m3

Question 3.1:

In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point object:

(a) a railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations.

(b) a monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

(d) a tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Answer: (a), (b)

(a) The size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two stations. Therefore, the carriage can be treated as a point sized object.

(b) The size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track. Therefore, the monkey can be considered as a point sized object on the track.

Question 3.1:

In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point object:

(a) a railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations.

(b) a monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

(d) a tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Answer: (a), (b)

(a) The size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two stations. Therefore, the carriage can be treated as a point sized object.

(b) The size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track. Therefore, the monkey can be considered as a point sized object on the track.

hindi musical song notes

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 6:05 AM

comments (0)

Song: Badi Mushkhil Hai

Film: Anjaam

Uses: S R G m M P D N

Note: The numbers at the end of the line indicate line numbers. Play the notes inside {} faster than the other notes.

Click here for western notation.

Pallavi:

Badi mushkhil hai, khoya mera dil hai

GR GR SSS, GR GR SSS...................................1

koi use doondke laae na

SPMP mGmG R G M G R ...........................................2

jaake kahan main, rapat likhaoon, koi batlaae na

D- D- R D-D-, N-N-R N-N-, PP PD mGmGR .....3

main rouun ya hasoon, karun main kya karun

P-D-S R G R... {SD-}, D-D-R D-N-S .......................4

Play line 4 again.

Interlude :

GG P m G, GG P mG, GG P m G, GG P m G.....

Charanam:

deewanagi ki had se, aage guzar na jaaun

P G S PP D P, G R R S D- S S.................................5

aankhon men uska chehra, kaise use dikhlaaun

P G S PP D P, G R R S D- S S.......................6

woh hai, sabse haseen, vaisa, koi bhi nahin

G...R, SRGRS, G...R, SRSD-S.................................7

mere khuda, uski ada, hai badi katil

D D mD, P P GP, G m PP mGR ..................................8

mujhe nahin pata, chhaya hai kya nasha

P-D-S R G R... {SD-}, D-D-R D-N-S ..........................9

Play line 4 again .

Play Pallavi again.

Play the whole thing again for the second stanza

Please take a look at the notation

Paragraph 2:

sapnon men aane wali, bahon men kab aayegi

itne dinon tak mujhko, aise woh tadpayegi

dekhoon, mudke jidhar, paaye, wohi nazar

meri dagar, mera safar, woh meri manzil

deewana hai samaa, jaage hain armaan

Song: Badi Mushkhil Hai

Film: Anjaam

Uses: C D E F F# G A B

Note: The numbers at the end of the line indicate line numbers. Play the notes inside {} faster than the other notes.

Click here for Indian notation.

Pallavi:

Badi mushkhil hai, khoya mera dil hai

ED ED CCC, ED ED CCC.........................................1

koi use doondke laae na

CGF#G FEFE D E F# E D ..................................................2

jaake kahan main, rapat likhaoon, koi batlaae na

A- A- D A-A-, B-B-D B-B-, GG GA FEFED.......3

main rouun ya hasoon, karun main kya karun

G-A-C D E D... {CA-}, A-A-D A-B-C .......................4

Play line 4 again.

Interlude :

EE G F E, EE G FE, EE G F E, EE G F E.....

Charanam:

deewanagi ki had se, aage guzar na jaaun

G E C GG A G, E D D C A- C, C..............................5

aankhon men uska chehra, kaise use dikhlaaun

G E C GG A G, E D D C A- C C..................6

woh hai, sabse haseen, vaisa, koi bhi nahin

E...D, CDEDC, E...D, CDCA-C.................................7

mere khuda, uski ada, hai badi katil

A A FA, G G EG, E F GG FED .................................8

mujhe nahin pata, chhaya hai kya nasha

G-A-C D E D... {CA-}, A-A-D A-B-C ..........................9

Play line 4 again .

Play Pallavi again.

Play the whole thing again for the second stanza

Please take a look at the notation

Paragraph 2:

sapnon men aane wali, bahon men kab aayegi

itne dinon tak mujhko, aise woh tadpayegi

dekhoon, mudke jidhar, paaye, wohi nazar

meri dagar, mera safar, woh meri manzil

deewana hai samaa, jaage hain armaan

sslc model paper karanataka

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 6:05 AM

comments (0)

MARKS : 65

General Instructions :

i) The question-cum-answer booklet contains two Groups, Group – I & Group – II.

ii) Group – I contains two Parts, Part – A & Part- B and Group – II contains two Parts, Part – C & Part – D.

iii) In Group – I, Part – A consists of 39 questions and Part – B consists of 11 questions. In Group – II, Part – C consists of 21 questions and Part – D consists of 6 questions.

iv) Space has been provided in the question-cum-answer booklet itself to answer the questions.

v) Follow the instructions given in Part – A of Group – I and Part – C of Group – II and write the correct answer in full in the space provided below each question.

vi) For Part – B of Group – I and Part – D of Group – II enough space for each question is provided. You have to answer the questions in the space provided.

vii) Space for Rough Work has been printed and provided at the bottom of each page except Page No. 32.

PART - A

Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions / incomplete statements. Only one of them is correct or most appropriate. Choose the most appropriate alternative and write it in the space provided below each question.

39 × 1 = 39

1. The relation between the directions of electric current in magnetic field, and the

mechanical force acting on the conductor is given by

(A) Fleming’s right hand rule (B) Faraday’s law

2. The dopant needed in the preparation of n type of semiconductor to Germanium is

(A) Phosphorus (B) Indium

3. The audio information is changed into corresponding electrical signal in radio

transmitter by

(A) amplifier

(B) oscillator

(D) microphone.

4.The instrument which converts electricity required for the tape recorder from

domestic circuit is

(A) diode

(B) oscillator

(D) voltameter.

5. ‘When we are moving in a cycle which is negotiating a curve, our body leans towardsthe centre of the curve.’ The reason is

(A) Centrifugal reaction (B) Centripetal force

6. In rail tracks the outer rail track is raised in a curve a little above the inner rail track.This reduces

(A) velocity (B) wear and tear

7. The formula to find the force acting between the masses m 1 and m 2 when the distance between them is d, is

(A) F =d 2 m 1/Gm 2

(B) F =m 1 G/m 2 d 2

(D) F =m 1 m 2/G d 2 .

8. The device that is not required in the diesel engine is

(A) Piston (B) Crankshaft

9. The working stage of the internal combustion engine, with both the inlet and outlet valves closed is

(A) Intake (B) Compression

10. The proper arrangement of prisms to get composite light from seven colours of light

(A) (B)

11. The colour of the ray which comes out when a red ray of light is passed through a prism is

(A) green (B) white

12. Name of the scientist who showed that the scattered light contained higher and lower frequencies in addition to that of incident light is

(A) Tyndall (B) Rayleigh

13. Formula to calculate the centripetal force on a body in the circular motion is

(A) f = mv 2 (B) f =mv 2/r

14. As the multistage rockets go higher and higher then its

(A) velocity decreases (B) mass increases

15. Minimum velocity required for a body to escape from gravitational field of the earth is called

(A) orbital velocity (B) escape velocity

16. The happening at any part of the world can be viewed in the direct telecast with the help of

(A) Remote sensing satellite (B) Communication satellites

17. Frequency range of the audible sound is

(A) less than 20 Hz (B) more than 20 Hz

18. The technique used in the study of heart diseases is

(A) Radar ranging (B) Radiography

19. The colour of the Betelgeuse star is

(A) Orange yellow (B) Bluish white

20. The shape of the life-cycle of a star when the internal energy decreases and becomes dimmer until it emits no light is

(A) Protostar (B) Red giant

21. Irregular patches on the surface of the sun are called

(A) Solar prominences (B) Solar flares

22. Which isotope is used in the treatment of overactive thyroid glands ?

(A) Radio Iron (B) Radio Sodium

23. The metal cover used in the walls of the nuclear reactor to prevent radioactive radiation being released to the environment is

(A) Iron (B) Aluminium

24. A nuclear reactor has to be shut down. The rods used for shutting down are made up of

(A) Cadmium (B) Uranium

25. Man has opted for the use of which of the following energies because of rapid depletion of fossil fuels ?

(A) Electrical energy (B) Water energy

26. Reason for painting the black colour on the inside walls of the solar cooker and outer surface of the container is to

(A) increase the absorption of solar energy (B) maintain the quality of food

27. Energy crisis means

(A) absence of energy sources (B) energy demand is more than the supply

28. One of the remedial measures to overcome the energy crisis is by using

(A) Compact fluorescent tubes (B) Incandescent electric bulbs

29. Name of the copper ore is

(A) Magnetite (B) Malachite

30. Atomic number of iron is 26. Its electronic configuration is

(A) 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 , 4s 1

(B) 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 , 4s 2

(D) 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p 6 , 3s 2 3p 2 .

31. Crystal that consists of silicon is

(A) Copper sulphate (B) Topaz

32. Name of the compound of the silicon used in cutting glass is

(A) Silicon dioxide (B) Sodium silicate

33. Molecular formula of ethene is

(A) CH 4 (B) C 2 H 6

34. General formula of alkane is

(A) C n H 2n (B) C n H 2n + 2

35. The chemical used in the detection of leakage of liquid petroleum gas is

(A) Ethyl alcohol (B) Methyl alcohol

36. The natural polymer is

(A) Rayon (B) Nylon

37. The polymer that is used in the preparation of electrical devices is

(A) Neoprene (B) Polythene

38. You have to prepare one prism to disperse light to get spectrum. The glass used is

(A) Colour glass (B) Soda glass

39. The salt which makes permanent hard water is

(A) Magnesium sulphate (B) Magnesium bicarbonate

PART – B

40. Mention any two factors that influence induced electromotive force.

41. a) What is photoelectric effect ?

b) Write the four uses of photoelectric effect.

c) How do we get more photons by photoelectric effect ?

42. Write any two laws of Kepler.

43. Draw a neat sketch of petrol engine.

44. a) What is galaxy ? How can we know the information about the velocities of galaxies ?

b) Name the principle by which the motion of galaxies is studied.

45. What is meant by induced radioactivity ? Give one example.

46. Draw a neat sketch of nuclear power plant.

47. a) What is meant by froth flotation ?

b) Explain the method of purification of copper.

48. a) What is isomerism ?

b) Write structural formula of Isobutane.

49. Draw a neat diagram of water purification by permutit process.

50. An environmentalist respects a person who uses soap than a person who uses detergents. Give reason.

INDIA

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 2:50 AM

comments (0)

NEW DELHI: India is the fifth most powerful country in the world, says the latest national security index (NSI) designed by the country's foremost security and economic experts. A part of India's National Security Annual Review 2010, which will be officially released by foreign minister S M Krishna on April 19, the NSI 2010 placed India fifth in the hierarchy of top 50 nations identified on the basis of their GDP.

According to Foundation for National Security Research director Satish Kumar, who edited the national security review, the NSI is based on an assessment of defence capability, economic strength, effective population, technological capability and energy security of the top 50 countries . The US is at the top of the list on the basis of these criteria followed by China, Japan and Russia.

South Korea emerged as the sixth most powerful nation followed by Norway, Germany, France and UK.

While India ranked third in the case of population and fourth in terms of defence capabilities , it was at the 34th position in technology and 33rd in energy security. Only US, China and Russia are ranked higher than India in defence capability. In economic strength , India ranked seventh.

Out of the five criteria, maximum weightage was given to defence capabilities at 30%. Economic strength, technology and effective population had weightage of 20% each. Energy security had the remaining 10%. The national security annual review governing body, which comprises a host of experts, is headed by former foreign secretary M K Rasgotra.

On the likelihood of people raising eyebrows over India's extremely high rank, the NSI report said the strategic community in India will still take time to get used to India being such a powerful country. "Of course, the variable that helps India most is the size of its skilled working population. But that variable helps China to a great deal,'' it said.

FEEL GOOD FACTOR

Assessment based on defence capability, economic strength, effective population, technological capability and energy security of top 50 countries.

5th most powerful country in all, 3rd in terms of population, 4th on defence capabilities, 7th on economic strength, 33rd on energy security, 34th on technology. US on top, followed by China, Japan & Russia India is trailed by S Korea, Norway, Germany, France & UK

India fifth most powerful nation: National Security Index - The Economic Times

INDIA IN 2020

India is a vast country with many types of cultures. There is large number of small and large communities Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 in India. Due to globalization, the changes occurring in the world are very rapid. There are many possibilities in the future for India to grow to a superpower or to destroy itself in conventional or economic or nuclear war. The increasing number of terrorism attacks also put the future of India in peril.

if we project India’s image from now on and considering that it will go with the same pace then India is likely to emerge as the most powerful nation in 2020 A.D. The increasing population has its advantages and disadvantages also. Increasing population stiffens the competition and the people have to go beyond their limits to outdo each other. This would result in best technicians, engineers, doctors to be born in India. The GDP of India is likely to rise beyond every nation in 2020 A.D, if there is smooth progress and the nation continues to rise.

Today India is still seen as a developing country. Many of the people who live in slums are still not able to meet their two ends. As new laws are passing to help these poor people in order to provide them the basic needs, it can be said and predicted that in 2020 India will be able to provide food and other necessary things to these poor people and will be able to solve much of its poverty problems.

With the fast development of technology, soon India will overpower any other country in the world in technology. Government of India is opening several new IITs in the country to increase the tech power in the country. This may obviously increase the tech power of India.

As the danger from neighboring countries is increasing to capture Indian land, the Government of India is increasing their defense system to combat any unlikely war with the neighboring country. In order to insure that no country tries to bully India or tries to capture its land, it has equip itself with the most powerful and most advanced weapons in order to retaliate or defend itself.

The growing prosperity of India has drawn many multinational companies to invest in India. They invest their money in the country to get profit. While doing so these companies bring foreign currencies India. This will enhance the country’s growth. As India has a very large population, so it will have very large consumers. This will tempt many countries to launch and invest in India and thus increasing the economic strength in India.

Security in India is still very weak but the Government of India, due to recent increasing terrorism in the country, is trying its best to increase the security system. India as a developed nation will be powerful enough to fight enemies from inside and outside as well. Many loopholes that still exist in the security system will be removed through close inspection.

Agriculture system is still developing in India. Due to large population in India, it has a very high consumption rate. Thus Indian farmers have to do intensive agriculture. New techniques are developed by agriculture engineers to enhance the growth and quality of food in India. In 2020 India will be able to become self sufficient in food. The crops will be resistant to any types of diseases by selection process and the production rate will also be very high.

Water is an essential part of life. Today India faces problem of supplying the required amount of water to all of its citizens. But slowly and slowly India is trying its best to provide water to its citizens by enhancing its system. New methods are evolved to supply water to every person who is in its need.

Today India is facing challenge in meeting the power requirements. But it is taking steps to increase its power. The nuclear deal with America is a big step towards making India self sufficient on power. New nuclear power plants are formed and soon these will provide enough power in order to meet the power requirements. In 2020 India will be providing uninterrupted power supply to its nation people.

There is also another side of it, the race of arms in South East Asia is increasing, which is increasing the tensions in the neighboring countries. The increasing terrorism and the lack of trust on each other is resulting in cold wars between nations of Asia. This may result in war and the war may turn out to be the last war as the nations are nuclear states and are capable of destroying other completely by nuclear arms. In other words in 2020 there will be no India.

But if we hope for the best, India has every possibility to become a safe and developed nation. If we do not consider the possibility of natural disaster which may cripple the country or a war(conventional or nuclear), then it can be assumed India will be the most prosperous country in 2020.

DISCLAIMER: Statements and opinions expressed in articles, reviews and other materials herein are those of the author(s) of the article(s). While every care has been taken not to have any false/abusive information published, boddunan cannot guarantee of such incidents occur. Boddunan will not be held responsible for any claim, loss, damage or inconvenience caused as a result of any information within these pages or any information accessed through this site. Please contact respective author/us for any kind of escalations or clarifications in this regard.

User reviews

There are no user reviews for this listing.

To write a review please register or log in.

Author Articles

Articles In This Category

ELECTRIC FORMULA

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 2:40 AM

comments (0)

Electrical Formulae

Electrical Quantities

Quantity Symbol Unit Name Unit Symbol

Electromotive force E, e* Volt V

Potential difference V, v* Volt V

Current I, i* Ampere A

Magnetic fl ux Φ Weber Weber

Frequency f Hertz Hz

Flux linkage λ Weber-turns -

Resistance R Ohm Ω

Inductance L Henry H

Capacitance C Farad F

Impedance Z Ohm Ω

Reactance X Ohm Ω

Power,dc,or active P Watt W

Power, reactive Q

Volt-ampere

reactive

VAr, var

Power, total or

apparent

S Volt-ampere VA

Power factor angle ϕ - °, deg.

Angular velocity ω Radians per

second

rads-1

Rotational velocity n

Revolutions

per second

s-1 ,rev s-1

Revolutions

per minute

min-1, rpm

Effi ciency η -

Number of pairs

of poles

p -

* Capital and small letters designate rms and instantaneous value

respectively.

AC Single-Phase

All quantities r.m.s. values:

V = I Z

Total or apparent power in VA = Vl = I2Z = V2 Z

Active power in watts, W =Vl cos ϕ

Reactive power in VAr = Vl sin ϕ

AC Three-Phase

(Assuming Balanced Symmetrical Waveform)

All quantities r.m.s values:

Vl = Line-to-line voltage

Vp = Phase voltage (line-to-neutral)

Il = line current (wye)

Ip = Phase current (delta)

In a WYE connected circuit, Vp = Vl 3, Vl =3Vp, Il = Ip

In a DELTA connected circuit: Ip = Il 3, Il =3 Ip Vl =

Total of apparent power in VA = 3 Vl Il

Active power in watts,W = 3 Vl Il cos ϕ

Reactive power in VAr = 3 Vl Il sin ϕ

Power factor (pf) = cos ϕ

= Active power / Apparent power

= W / VAr

Three-Phase Induction Motors

All quantities rms values:

kWmech = horsepower x 0.746

kWelec = 3 Vl Il cos ϕ at rated speed and load

where Vl = supply voltage Il = rated full load current

cos ϕ = rated full load power factor

Effi ciency, η = (kWmech kWelec) x 100 per cent

Phase current Ip = Il for wye connection

Ip = Il 3 for delta connection

Loads (phase values)

Resistance R, measured in Ohms (no energy storage)

Inductive reactance, XL = ωL = 2π ƒL Ohms (stores energy)

Where ƒ = frequency (Hz), L = Inductance (H)

Capacitative reactance, XC = 1/ (ωC) = 1/(2πƒC)

Where ƒ = frequency (Hz), C = Capacitance (F)

Impedance

Impedance is the algebraic sum of the separate load

values thus:

Z = (R2 + XL

2) or (R2 + XC2)

If R, XL and XC are present in series in the same circuit

then XL and XC may be summated, treating XC as negative,

thus

Z = (R2 + (XL - XC)2)

CTi Automation - Phone: 800.894.0412 - Fax: 208.368.0415 - Web: www.ctiautomation.net - Email: [email protected]

400

www.emersonct.com

800-893-2321

Symbols & Formulae

Electrical Formulae

Ohms Law

Amperes = Volts or Ohms = Volts

Ohms Amperes

or Volts = Amperes x Ohms

Power in DC Circuits

Horsepower = Volts x Amperes

746

Watts = Volts x Amperes

Kilowatts = Volts x Amperes

1,000

Kilowatts-Hours = Volts x Amperes x Hours

1,000

Power in AC Circuits

Kilovolt-Amperes (KVA):

kVA (1Ø) = Volts x Amperes

1,000

kVA (3Ø) = Volts x Amperes x 1.73

1,000

Kilowatts (Kw)

kW (1Ø) = Volts x Amperes x Power Factor

1,000

kW (3Ø) = Volts x Amperes x Power Factor x 1.73

1,000

Power Factor = Kilowatts

Kilovolts x Amperes

Other Useful Formulae

Three-Phase (3Ø) Circuits

HP = E x I x 3 x Eff x PF

746

Motor Amps = HP x 746

E x 3 x Eff x PF

Motor Amps = kVA x 1000

3 x E

Motor Amps = kW x 1000

3 x E x PF

Power Factor = kW x 1000

E x I x 3

Kilowatt Hours = E x I x Hours x 3 x PF

1000

Power (Watts) = E x I x 3 x PF

Material Densities

Materials lb/in3 gm/cm3

Aluminum 0.096 2.66

Brass 0.299 8.3

Bronze 0.295 8.17

Copper 0.322 8.91

Hard Wood 0.029 0.8

Soft Wood 0.018 0.48

Plastic 0.04 1.11

Glass 0.079-0.090 2.2-2.5

Titanium 0.163 4.51

Paper 0.025-0.043 0.7-1.2

Polyvinyl chloride 0.047-0.050 1.3-1.4

Rubber 0.033-0.036 0.92-0.99

Silicone Rubber, without

fi ller

0.043 1.2

Cast Iron, gray 0.274 7.6

Steel 0.28 7.75

Friction Coeffi cients Ffr=μWL

Materials μ

Steel on Steel (greased) ~0.15

Plastic on Steel ~0.15-0.25

Copper on Steel ~0.30

Brass on Steel ~0.35

Aluminum on Steel ~0.45

Steel on Steel ~0.58

Mechanism μ

Ball Bushings <0.001

Linear Bearings <0.001

Dove-tail Slides ~0.2++

Gibb Ways ~0.5++

Mechanism Effi ciencies

Acme screw with brass nut ~0.35-0.65

Acme screw with plastic nut ~0.50-0.85

Ballscrew ~0.85-0.95

Chain and Sprocket ~0.95-0.98

Preloaded Ballscrew ~0.75-0.85

Spur or Bevel gears ~0.90

Timing Belts ~0.96-0.98

Worm Gears ~0.45-0.85

Helical Gear (1 reduction) ~0.92

Mechanical Variables

CTi Automation - Phone: 800.894.0412 - Fax: 208.368.0415 - Web: www.ctiautomation.net - Email: [email protected]

WEATHER CONDITIONS

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 2:35 AM

comments (0)

• Humidity: Absolute humidity is a measurement of the amount of water vapor present in each unit of air. When absolute humidity is low, fibromyalgia sufferers often report headaches, stiffness, and flares in widespread pain.

• Precipitation: Precipitation is the term used to refer to any type of water that falls to the ground from the sky, including rain, sleet, snow, or hail. Precipitation is often accompanied by a change in barometric pressure, and therefore may exacerbate your symptoms of pain and fatigue.

• Wind: Whether it’s a light wind or a gale-force wind, wind generally causes a decrease in barometric pressure. This means that wind can trigger fatigue, headaches, and muscle aches in fibromyalgia sufferers.

Who is Affected by Weather Changes?

According to a study performed in 1981, a large percentage of fibromyalgia sufferers may actually be sensitive to changes in the weather. In this particular study, 90% of patients claimed that weather was one of the most important influences on their fibromyalgia symptoms. And fibromyalgia sufferers aren’t the only ones to experience weather-related symptoms. You may also find that the weather exacerbates your symptoms if you have:

• rheumatoid arthritis

• multiple sclerosis

• osteoarthritis

What Weather Factors Affect Fibromyalgia Sufferers?

There are five major weather factors that appear to affect fibromyalgia symptoms. These include:

• Temperature: Rapid changes in temperature can sometimes trigger a fibromyalgia flare or help to ease fibromyalgia pain. Cold weather tends to make fibromyalgia symptoms worse, while warmer weather tends to ease those troublesome symptoms.

• Barometric Pressure: Barometric pressure is a measurement of the weight that is exerted by the air all around us. On beautiful sunny days, barometric pressure tends to be quite high, but during a storm or similar weather front, barometric pressure drops suddenly. Fibromyalgia sufferers often find that these changes in barometric pressure can trigger muscle aches and pains.

Weather and Fibromyalgia: The Studies

Numerous studies have been conducted in order to evaluate whether or not fibromyalgia symptoms do appear to be influenced by changes in the weather. Most of these studies have had surprising results.

In 2002, a study was conducted in Cordoba, Argentina, where there are four distinct seasons every year. The study involved fibromyalgia sufferers and a healthy control group and aimed to find out whether pain symptoms could be linked to specific weather changes. Participants were asked to rate their pain symptoms on a scale from one to ten, every day for 12 months. After 12 months, these symptoms were correlated to weather patterns for the entire year. Researchers found that pain symptoms of the participants with fibromyalgia correlated directly to weather changes. Specifically, pain increased as temperatures fell and atmospheric pressure increased. The healthy control group did not show any correlation between pain and weather patterns.

Another study performed in Norway found a similar relationship between fibromyalgia symptoms and the weather. Fibromyalgia symptoms appeared to get worse during the months of December and January, but began to improve during April and May. This suggests a direct relationship between colder temperatures and lower barometric pressures and a rise in fibromyalgia symptoms.

Why Does Weather Affect Fibromyalgia Symptoms?

Unfortunately, researchers do not yet know why weather appears to affect fibromyalgia symptoms so much. However, there are a few possible explanations:

• Change in Sleep Cycle: Weather, particularly hot and cold temperatures, can sometimes affect the way in which you sleep. This could have a great affect on symptoms and flares if you are a fibromyalgia sufferer.

• Change in Circadian Rhythm: Your body operates using an internal clock known as the circadian rhythm. Changes in seasons and the amount of light that your body receives can throw off your circadian rhythm, causing you to feel fatigued and more achy then usual.

• Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: There does appear to be a relationship between low temperature levels and an increase in the number of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. These cytokines appear to be related to pain intensity.

Dealing with the Weather: Managing Your Fibromyalgia Symptoms

If you find that your symptoms are influenced by weather

Dealing with the Weather: Managing Your Fibromyalgia Symptoms

If you find that your symptoms are influenced by weather changes, here are a few tips to help keep you more comfortable:

• Dress in Layers: Prepare for those chilly days by dressing in two or three layers. This will keep your body warm and allow you to shed excess clothing should you become hot.

• Avoid Cold Temperatures: Try to keep your air conditioning off in your house during the summer, and keep your heat up during the winter months. If you have to go outside in the cold, wear gloves, proper boots, and a hat. This will keep your extremities warm and prevent aches and pains.

• Bring the Sunshine Inside: If you are finding that you are particularly fatigued or depressed, try to increase the amount of light you have inside of your house. During the gray winter months, it is easy to become depressed and tired, which will only make your symptoms worse. Purchase some halogen bulbs or a special light box to help improve your mood.

OXIDATION

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 2:30 AM

comments (0)

Assign oxidation numbers to the underlined elements in each of the following species:

(a) NaH2PO4 (b) NaHSO4 (c) H4P2O7 (d) K2MnO4Question 12.9:

Which of the two: O2NCH2CH2O– or CH3CH2O– is expected to be more stable and why?

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Electron Movement, Electron Displacement Effects in Organic Compounds Read now to understand this topic better »

NO2 group is an electron-withdrawing group. Hence, it shows –I effect. By withdrawing the electrons toward it, the NO2 group decreases the negative charge on the compound, thereby stabilising it. On the other hand, ethyl group is an electron-releasing group. Hence, the ethyl group shows +I effect. This increases the negative charge on the compound, thereby destabilising it. Hence, O2NCH2CH2O– is expected to be more stable than CH3CH2O–.

(e) CaO2 (f) NaBH4 (g) H2S2O7 (h) KAl(SO4)2.12 H2OWrite the formulae for the following compounds:

(a) Mercury(II) chloride (b) Nickel(II) sulphate

Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for :

(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

(b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Organic Compounds : Shapes and Structures Read now to understand this topic better »

(a) 2, 2, 4–trimethylpentaneExplain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Resonance Structure, Resonance Effect, Electromeric Effect, and Hyperconjugation Read now to understand this topic better »

When an alkyl group is attached to a π system, it acts as an electron-donor group by the process of hyperconjugation. To understand this concept better, let us take the example of propene.

In hyperconjugation, the sigma electrons of the C–H bond of an alkyl group are delocalised. This group is directly attached to an atom of an unsaturated system. The delocalisation occurs because of a partial overlap of a sp3 –s sigma bond orbital with an empty p orbital of the π bond of an adjacent carbon atom.

The process of hyperconjugation in propene is shown as follows:

This type of overlap leads to a delocalisation (also known as no-bond resonance) of the π electrons, making the molecule more stable.

Condensed formula:

(CH3)2CHCH2C (CH3)3

Bond line formula:

(b) 2–hydroxy–1, 2, 3–propanetricarboxylic acid

Condensed Formula:

(COOH)CH2C(OH) (COOH)CH2(COOH)

Bond line formula:

The functional groups present in the given compound are carboxylic acid (–COOH) and alcoholic (–OH) groups.

Condensed Formula:

(CHO) (CH2)4 (CHO)

Bond line Formula:

The functional group present in the given compound is aldehyde

(–CHO).

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(a)

(b) Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f) Cl2CHCH2OH

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) System of Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Read now to understand this topic better »

(a)

3–phenyl propane

(b)

2–methyl–1–cyanobutane

(c)

2, 5–dimethyl heptane

(d)

3–bromo–3–chloroheptane

(e)

3–chloropropanal

(f) Cl2CHCH2OH

1, 1–dichloro–2–ethanol

(e) Iron(III) sulphate (f) Chromium(III) oxide

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Oxidation Number Read now to understand this topic better »

(a) Mercury (II) chloride:

HgCl2

(b) Nickel (II) sulphate:

NiSO4

SnO2

(d) Thallium (I) sulphate:

Tl2SO4

(e) Iron (III) sulphate:

Fe2(SO4)3

(f) Chromium (III) oxide:

Cr2O3

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Oxidation Number Read now to understand this topic better »

(a)

Let the oxidation number of P be x.

We know that,

Oxidation number of Na = +1

Oxidation number of H = +1

Oxidation number of O = –2

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of P is +5.

(b)

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of S is + 6.

(c)

Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:

(a) CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(g)

(b) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

(d) 2K(s) + F2(g) → 2K+F– (s)

(e) 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

AnswerDraw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.

(a) C6H5OH (b) C6H5NO2 (c) CH3CH = CH – CHO

(d) C6H5CHO (e) (f)

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Resonance Structure, Resonance Effect, Electromeric Effect, and Hyperconjugation Read now to understand this topic better »

(a) The structure of C6H5OH is:

The resonating structures of phenol are represented as:

(b) The structure of C6H5NO2 is:

The resonating structures of nitro benzene are represented as:

The resonating structures of the given compound are represented as:

(d) The structure of C6H5CHO is:

The resonating structures of benzaldehyde are represented as:

(e) C6H5CH2⊕

The resonating structures of the given compound are:

(f) CH3 CH = CH CH2⊕

The resonating structures of the given compound are:

•

• Discussion

• Share

Oxidation Number Read now to understand this topic better »

(a)

Let us write the oxidation number of each element involved in the given reaction as:

Here, the oxidation number of Cu decreases from +2 in CuO to 0 in Cu i.e., CuO is reduced to Cu. Also, the oxidation number of H increases from 0 in H2 to +1 in H2O i.e., H2 is oxidized to H2O. Hence, this reaction is a redox reaction.

(b)

Let us write the oxidation number of each element in the given reaction as:

Here, the oxidation number of Fe decreases from +3 in Fe2O3 to 0 in Fe i.e., Fe2O3 is reduced to Fe. On the other hand, the oxidation number of C increases from +2 in CO to +4 in CO2 i.e., CO is oxidized to CO2. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.

(c)

The oxidation number of each element in the given reaction can be represented as:

In this reaction, the oxidation number of B decreases from +3 in BCl3 to –3 in B2H6. i.e., BCl3 is reduced to B2H6. Also, the oxidation number of H increases from –1 in LiAlH4 to +1 in B2H6 i.e., LiAlH4 is oxidized to B2H6. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.

(d)

The oxidation number of each element in the given reaction can be represented as:

In this reaction, the oxidation number of K increases from 0 in K to +1 in KF i.e., K is oxidized to KF. On the other hand, the oxidation number of F decreases from 0 in F2 to –1 in KF i.e., F2 is reduced to KF.

Hence, the above reaction is a redox reaction.

(e)

The oxidation number of each element in the given reaction can be represented as:

Here, the oxidation number of N increases from –3 in NH3 to +2 in NO. On the other hand, the oxidation number of O2 decreases from 0 in O2 to –2 in NO and H2O i.e., O2 is reduced. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of P is + 5.

(d)

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of Mn is + 6.

(e)

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of O is – 1.

(f)

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of B is + 3. Write bond line formulas for: Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethyl butanal, Heptan-4-one.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Organic Compounds : Shapes and Structures Read now to understand this topic better »

The bond line formulae of the given compounds are:

(a) Isopropyl alcohol

(b) 2, 3–dimethyl butanal

(g)

Then, we have

Hence, the oxidation number of S is + 6.

(h)

Then, we have

(a) KI3

In KI3, the oxidation number (O.N.) of K is +1. Hence, the average oxidation number of I is . However, O.N. cannot be fractional. Therefore, we will have to consider the structure of KI3to find the oxidation states.

In a KI3molecule, an atom of iodine forms a coordinate covalent bond with an iodine molecule.

Hence, in a KI3molecule, the O.N. of the two I atoms forming the I2molecule is 0, whereas the O.N. of the I atom forming the coordinate bond is –1.

(b) H2S4O6

Question 8.4:

Fluorine reacts with ice and results in the change:

H2O(s) + F2(g) → HF(g) + HOF(g)

Justify that this reaction is a redox reaction.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Types of Redox Reactions Read now to understand this topic better »

Let us write the oxidation number of each atom involved in the given reaction above its symbol as:

Here, we have observed that the oxidation number of F increases from 0 in F2 to +1 in HOF. Also, the oxidation number decreases from 0 in F2 to –1 in HF. Thus, in the above reaction, F is both oxidized and reduced. Hence, the given reaction is a redox reaction.

However, O.N. cannot be fractional. Hence, S must be present in different oxidation states in the molecule.

Question 12.6:

Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds. (a) H–COOH (b) CH3COCH3 (c) H–CH=CH2

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Classification of Organic Compounds Read now to understand this topic better »

The first five members of each homologous series beginning with the given compounds are shown as follows:

(a)

H–COOH : Methanoic acid

CH3–COOH : Ethanoic acid

CH3–CH2–COOH : Propanoic acid

CH3–CH2–CH2–COOH : Butanoic acid

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–COOH : Pentanoic acid

(b)

CH3COCH3 : Propanone

CH3COCH2CH3 : Butanone

CH3COCH2CH2CH3 : Pentan-2-one

CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH3 : Hexan-2-one

CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 : Heptan-2-one

(c)

H–CH=CH2 : Ethene

CH3–CH=CH2 : Propene

CH3–CH2–CH=CH2 : 1-Butene

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH=CH2 : 1-Pentene

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH=CH2 : 1-Hexene

The O.N. of two of the four S atoms is +5 and the O.N. of the other two S atoms is 0.

(c)

On taking the O.N. of O as –2, the O.N. of Fe is found to be . However, O.N. cannot be fractional.

Here, one of the three Fe atoms exhibits the O.N. of +2 and the other two Fe atoms exhibit the O.N. of +3.

(d)

2 (x) + 6 (+1) + 1 (-2) = 0While sulphur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide can act as oxidising as well as reducing agents in their reactions, ozone and nitric acid act only as oxidants. Why?

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Read now to understand this topic better »

In sulphur dioxide (SO2), the oxidation number (O.N.) of S is +4 and the range of the O.N. that S can have is from +6 to –2.

Therefore, SO2 can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.

In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the O.N. of O is –1 and the range of the O.N. that O can have is from 0 to –2. O can sometimes also attain the oxidation numbers +1 and +2. Hence, H2O2 can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.

In ozone (O3), the O.N. of O is zero and the range of the O.N. that O can have is from 0 to –2. Therefore, the O.N. of O can only decrease in this case. Hence, O3 acts only as an oxidant.

In nitric acid (HNO3), the O.N. of N is +5 and the range of the O.N. that N can have is from +5 to –3. Therefore, the O.N. of N can only decrease in this case. Hence, HNO3 acts only as an oxidant.

Consider the reactions:

(a) 6 CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → C6 H12 O6(aq) + 6O2(g)

(b) O3(g) + H2O2(l) → H2O(l) + 2O2(g)

Why it is more appropriate to write these reactions as:

(a) 6CO2(g) + 12H2O(l) → C6 H12 O6(aq) + 6H2O(l) + 6O2(g)

(b) O3(g) + H2O2 (l) → H2O(l) + O2(g) + O2(g)

Also suggest a technique to investigate the path of the above (a) and (b) redox

reactions.

• Answer

• Discussion

• Share

Balancing of Redox Reactions Read now to understand this topic better »

(a)The process of photosynthesis involves two steps.

Step 1:

H2O decomposes to give H2 and O2.

Step 2:

The H2 produced in step 1 reduces CO2, thereby producing glucose (C6H12O6) and H2O.

Now, the net reaction of the process is given as:

It is more appropriate to write the reaction as given above because water molecules are also produced in the process of photosynthesis.

The path of this reaction can be investigated by using radioactive H2O18 in place of H2O.

(b) O2 is produced from each of the two reactants O3 and H2O2. For this reason, O2 is written twice.

The given reaction involves two steps. First, O3 decomposes to form O2 and O. In the second step, H2O2 reacts with the O produced in the first step, thereby producing H2O and O2.

The path of this reaction can be investigated by using or .

or, 2x + 4 = 0

or, x = -2

Hence, the O.N. of C is –2. Question 12.5:

Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compound

MOTHER MARY

Posted by quintustheresraj on March 13, 2013 at 2:30 AM

comments (0)

Hymn To Mary

By Georgy ------ 454 views

63Share

I’ll sing a hymn to Mary,

The Mother of my God,

The Virgin of all virgins,

Of David’s royal blood.

O teach me, holy Mary,

A loving song to frame,

When wicked men blaspheme thee,

To love and bless thy name.

O Lily of the Valley,

O Mystic Rose, what tree,

Or flower, e’en the fairest,

Is half so fair as thee?

O let me, tho’ so lowly

Recite my Mother’s fame.

When wicked men blaspheme thee,

I’ll love and bless thy name.

O noble Tower of David,

Of gold and ivory.

The Ark of God’s own promise,

The gate of Heav’n to me.

To live and not to love thee

Would fill my soul with shame;

When wicked men blaspheme thee,

I’ll love and bless thy name.

The saints are high in glory,

With golden crowns so bright;

But brighter far is Mary,

Upon her throne of light.

Oh that which God did give thee,

Let mortal ne’er disclaim;

When wicked men blaspheme thee,

I’ll love and bless thy name.

But in the crown of Mary,

There lies a wonderous gem,

As Queen of all the angels,

Which Mary shares with them;

No sin hath e’er defiled thee,

So doth our faith proclaim;

When wicked men blaspheme thee,

I’ll love and bless thy name.

- – - Hymn To Mary written by John Wyse (1825-98)

Tags: hymn, mary, poem, virgin mary

Read more at Christian Songs Free Download | Jesus Christ Wallpapers

quinto-information.in

Click here to edit subtitle

News

software

volume

volume

hindi musical song notes

sslc model paper karanataka

INDIA

ELECTRIC FORMULA

WEATHER CONDITIONS

OXIDATION

MOTHER MARY